feat: provide PageProps, LayoutProps types

[rChaoz]

Closes #12726

This PR is a re-do of #12967 which went stale, addressing comments and properly updating the documentation.

---

Please don't delete this checklist! Before submitting the PR, please make sure you do the following:

• It's really useful if your PR references an issue where it is discussed ahead of time. In many cases, features are absent for a reason. For large changes, please create an RFC: /~https://github.com/sveltejs/rfcs
• This message body should clearly illustrate what problems it solves.
• Ideally, include a test that fails without this PR but passes with it.

Tests

• Run the tests with pnpm test and lint the project with pnpm lint and pnpm check

Changesets

• If your PR makes a change that should be noted in one or more packages' changelogs, generate a changeset by running pnpm changeset and following the prompts. Changesets that add features should be minor and those that fix bugs should be patch. Please prefix changeset messages with feat:, fix:, or chore:.

Edits

• Please ensure that 'Allow edits from maintainers' is checked. PRs without this option may be closed.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 117add2

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@sveltejs/kit	Minor

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 98f2626

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@sveltejs/kit	Minor

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[Rich-Harris]

preview: https://svelte-dev-git-preview-kit-13308-svelte.vercel.app/

this is an automated message

[eltigerchino]

Thank you! Tested this and it works well. Maybe another maintainer can take a look too.

[dummdidumm]

Thank you!