gh-35057: Implement basic j-invariants of Drinfeld modules

    
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### 📚 Description

The goal of this PR is to implement basic j-invariants of Drinfeld
module as defined by Potemine in

Potemine, I.Y. Minimal Terminal ℚ-Factorial Models of Drinfeld Coarse
Moduli Schemes. Mathematical Physics, Analysis and Geometry 1, 171–191
(1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009724323513

These j-invariants allows to determine whether two Drinfeld
`Fq[T]`-modules of arbitrary ranks are isomorphic or not.

@kryzar @ymusleh @xcaruso

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### ⌛ Dependencies
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Depends on #35026 because this PR implements Drinfeld modules.
    
URL: #35057
Reported by: David Ayotte
Reviewer(s): Antoine Leudière, David Ayotte, Xavier Caruso

src/doc/en/reference/references/index.rst

@@ -2724,9 +2724,9 @@ REFERENCES:
               doubles of finite groups*. PhD Thesis,
               University of California, Santa Cruz. 1999.
 
-.. [GoMa2010] Christopher Goff and Geoffrey Mason, 
+.. [GoMa2010] Christopher Goff and Geoffrey Mason,
             *Generalized twisted quantum doubles and the McKay correspondence*,
-            J. Algebra 324 (2010), no. 11, 3007–3016. 
+            J. Algebra 324 (2010), no. 11, 3007–3016.
 
 .. [GJ2016] Muddappa Seetharama Gowda and Juyoung Jeong.
             Spectral cones in Euclidean Jordan algebras.
@@ -5082,6 +5082,11 @@ REFERENCES:
 .. [Pos2005] \A. Postnikov, Affine approach to quantum Schubert
              calculus, Duke Math. J. 128 (2005) 473-509
 
+.. [Pot1998] Potemine, I.Y.,
+             Minimal Terminal Q-Factorial Models of Drinfeld Coarse Moduli Schemes.
+             Mathematical Physics, Analysis and Geometry 1, 171-191 (1998).
+             :doi:`10.1023/A:1009724323513`
+
 .. [PPW2013] \D. Perkinson, J. Perlman, and J. Wilmes.
              *Primer for the algebraic geometry of sandpiles*.
              Tropical and Non-Archimedean