Day 24 2024 (#288)

* manually solved

* Initial programatic solution

* Cleanup

* udate readmes

README.md

@@ -104,7 +104,9 @@ as the value which passed the given day/phase combination
 * Day 03
   * Regex shining today! Sorting by the match location made the single list of all matches easy to scan through.
 * Day 12
-  * Not a day where I had the best solution; but a solution nonetheless. Slow scan of each field's border; ain't much, but it's honest work. 
+  * Not a day where I had the best solution; but a solution nonetheless. Slow scan of each field's border; ain't much, but it's honest work.
+* Day 24
+  * I had to pen + paper the finding of the wires; while renaming my output to be what they actually are (i.e. `x01 XOR y01 -> sum1`). But then coming up with the actual rules to mimic my manual process was fun. And in the process learned a lot about binary addition at the logic gate level. 
 
 ### Interesting approaches:
 

src/main/kotlin/me/peckb/aoc/_2024/calendar/day24/Day24.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+package me.peckb.aoc._2024.calendar.day24
+
+import javax.inject.Inject
+import me.peckb.aoc.generators.InputGenerator.InputGeneratorFactory
+import java.util.LinkedList
+
+class Day24 @Inject constructor(
+  private val generatorFactory: InputGeneratorFactory,
+) {
+  fun partOne(filename: String) = generatorFactory.forFile(filename).read { input ->
+    var readingBase = true
+
+    val data = mutableMapOf<String, Lazy<Int>>()
+    val zValues = mutableListOf<String>()
+
+    input.forEach input@{ line ->
+      if (line.isEmpty()) {
+        readingBase = false
+        return@input
+      }
+      if (readingBase) {
+        line.split(": ").let { (key, value) -> data[key] = lazy { value.toInt() } }
+      } else {
+        line.split(" ").let { (first, operations, second, _, result) ->
+          if (result.startsWith('z')) { zValues.add(result) }
+
+          val op = findOperation(operations)
+          data[result] = lazy { op(data[first]!!.value, data[second]!!.value) }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    zValues.sortedDescending()
+      .map { data[it]!!.value }
+      .joinToString("")
+      .toLong(2)
+  }
+
+  fun partTwo(filename: String) = generatorFactory.forFile(filename).read { input ->
+    var readingBase = true
+    val data = mutableMapOf<String, () -> Int>()
+    val xValues = mutableListOf<String>()
+    val yValues = mutableListOf<String>()
+    val zValues = mutableListOf<String>()
+    val wirings = mutableMapOf<String, Wiring>()
+
+    input.forEach input@{ line ->
+      if (line.isEmpty()) {
+        readingBase = false
+        return@input
+      }
+      if (readingBase) {
+        line.split(": ").let { (key, value) ->
+          if (key.startsWith('x')) { xValues.add(key) }
+          if (key.startsWith('y')) { yValues.add(key) }
+          data[key] = { value.toInt() }
+        }
+      } else {
+        line.split(" ").let { (a, operation, b, _, result) ->
+          if (result.startsWith('z')) { zValues.add(result) }
+
+          val op = findOperation(operation)
+
+          wirings[result] = Wiring(a, operation, b, result)
+
+          data[result] = { op(data[a]!!(), data[b]!!()) }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    val swaps = mutableMapOf<String, String>()
+
+    fun swap(swap: Pair<String, String>) {
+      val oldA = wirings[swap.first]!!
+      val oldB = wirings[swap.second]!!
+
+      val newB = oldB.copy(result = oldA.result)
+      val newA = oldA.copy(result = oldB.result)
+
+      wirings[swap.first] = newB
+      wirings[swap.second] = newA
+
+      val opA = findOperation(newA.op)
+      val opB = findOperation(newB.op)
+
+      data[newA.result] = { opA(data[newA.a]!!(), data[newA.b]!!()) }
+      data[newB.result] = { opB(data[newB.a]!!(), data[newB.b]!!()) }
+
+      swaps[swap.first] = swap.second
+      swaps[swap.second] = swap.first
+    }
+
+    val correctWirings = mutableMapOf<String, List<Wiring>>()
+
+    (0 .. 45).forEach loop@{ n ->
+      val previousPreviousKey = "z${(n-2).toString().padStart(2, '0')}"
+      val previousKey = "z${(n-1).toString().padStart(2, '0')}"
+      val key = "z${n.toString().padStart(2, '0')}"
+      when (n) {
+        0 -> checkZero(wirings)?.also { swap(it) }
+        1 -> checkOne(wirings)?.also { swap(it) }
+        in (2..44) -> checkDefault(
+          wirings = wirings,
+          key = n to key,
+          previousWirings = n - 1 to previousKey,
+          previousPreviousWirings = n - 2 to previousPreviousKey,
+          correctWirings = correctWirings
+        )?.also { swap(it) }
+        // don't need to check the last - the error won't be there.
+      }
+      correctWirings[key] = getMyWirings(key, wirings)
+    }
+
+    if (swaps.size != 8) { throw IllegalStateException("Did not find all the swaps") }
+
+    val binaryX = xValues.sortedDescending().map { data[it]!!() }.joinToString("")
+    val binaryY = yValues.sortedDescending().map { data[it]!!() }.joinToString("")
+    val expectedResult = (binaryX.toLong(2) + binaryY.toLong(2)).toString(2)
+    val actualResult = zValues.sortedDescending().map { data[it]!!() }.joinToString("")
+
+    if (actualResult != expectedResult) { throw IllegalStateException("We found eight swaps, but didn't get the right result") }
+
+    swaps.keys.sorted().joinToString(",")
+  }
+
+  private fun findOperation(op: String) : (Int, Int) -> Int {
+    return when (op) {
+      "AND" -> Int::and
+      "OR" -> Int::or
+      "XOR" -> Int::xor
+      else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Unknown operation $op")
+    }
+  }
+
+  private fun checkZero(wirings: MutableMap<String, Wiring>) : Pair<String, String>? {
+    val z00Wiring = wirings["z00"]!!
+    val expectedInput = setOf("x00", "y00")
+    return if (z00Wiring.op != "XOR" || expectedInput != z00Wiring.input()) {
+      // find `x00 XOR y00 = ???`
+      val itemToSwapTo = wirings.entries.first { (_, w) ->
+        val (a, op, b, _) = w
+        op == "XOR" && expectedInput == setOf(a, b)
+      }
+      return "z00" to itemToSwapTo.key
+    } else {
+      null
+    }
+  }
+
+  private fun checkOne(wirings: MutableMap<String, Wiring>): Pair<String, String>? {
+    val z01Wiring = wirings["z01"]!!
+
+    // aaa XOR bbb = z01
+    // y01 XOR x01 = bbb
+    // x00 AND y00 = aaa
+    val aaaInput = setOf("x00", "y00")
+    val bbbInput = setOf("x01", "y01")
+
+    val aaa = wirings.entries.first { (_, w) -> w.op == "AND" && aaaInput == setOf(w.a, w.b) }
+    val bbb = wirings.entries.first { (_, w) -> w.op == "XOR" && bbbInput == setOf(w.a, w.b) }
+
+    val correctInput = setOf(aaa.key, bbb.key)
+    if (z01Wiring.input() == correctInput) {
+      return null
+    } else {
+      // is there a `aaa.key AND bbb.key` which we need to swap to z01?
+      val maybeZSwap = wirings.entries.find { (_, w) -> w.op == "XOR" && setOf(w.a, w.b) == setOf(aaa.key, bbb.key) }
+      if (maybeZSwap != null) {
+        return "z01" to maybeZSwap.key
+      } else {
+        // our "z01" was correct - so the input needs swapping
+        return if (!z01Wiring.input().contains(aaa.key) && !z01Wiring.input().contains(bbb.key)) {
+          // full disjointSet - this should not happen in the input
+          throw IllegalStateException("Input has full disjoint set!")
+        } else {
+          // one of the items is missing
+          if (aaa.key in z01Wiring.input()) {
+            // bbb needs swap
+            bbb.key to z01Wiring.input().minus(aaa.key).first()
+          } else {
+            // aaa needs swap
+            aaa.key to z01Wiring.input().minus(bbb.key).first()
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  fun checkDefault(
+    wirings: MutableMap<String, Wiring>,
+    key: Pair<Int, String>,
+    previousWirings: Pair<Int, String>,
+    previousPreviousWirings: Pair<Int, String>,
+    correctWirings: Map<String, List<Wiring>>,
+  ): Pair<String, String>? {
+    val myWirings = getMyWirings(key.second, wirings)
+
+    val currentWirings = myWirings.minus(correctWirings[previousWirings.second]!!)
+    val previousNewWirings = correctWirings[previousWirings.second]!!.minus(correctWirings[previousPreviousWirings.second]!!)
+
+    // the items we need ...
+    // for zN
+    // sum(N-1)         AND  carryChain(N-1)  = carryAfter(N-1)
+    // y(N-1)           AND  x(N-1)           = carry(N-1)
+    // carryAfter(N-1)  OR   carry(N-1)       = carryChainN
+    // yN               XOR yN                = sumN
+    // sumN             XOR  carryChainN      = zN
+
+    // sum(N-1)
+    val x1 = previousWirings.first.let { "x${it.toString().padStart(2, '0')}" }
+    val y1 = previousWirings.first.let { "y${it.toString().padStart(2, '0')}" }
+    val sumN1 = previousNewWirings.first { w -> w.op == "XOR" && setOf(w.a, w.b) == setOf(x1, y1) }
+
+    // carry(N-1)
+    val carryN1 = wirings.entries.first { (_, w) -> w.op == "AND" && setOf(w.a, w.b) == setOf(x1, y1) }.value
+
+    // sumN
+    val x = key.first.let { "x${it.toString().padStart(2, '0')}" }
+    val y = key.first.let { "y${it.toString().padStart(2, '0')}" }
+    val sumN = wirings.entries.first { (_, w) -> w.op == "XOR" && setOf(w.a, w.b) == setOf(x, y) }.value
+
+    // carryChain(N-1)
+    val carryChainN1 = previousNewWirings.find { w -> w.op == "OR" } ?: previousNewWirings.first { w -> w.op == "AND" }
+    // carryAfter(N-1)
+    val carryAfterN1 = wirings.entries.find { (_, w) -> w.op == "AND" && setOf(w.a, w.b) == setOf(sumN1.result, carryChainN1.result) }?.value
+    if (carryAfterN1 == null) {
+      // doesn't happen on input
+      throw IllegalArgumentException("Something Wrong with $carryChainN1 or $sumN1")
+    }
+
+    // carryChainN
+    val carryChainN = wirings.entries.find { (_, w) -> w.op == "OR" && setOf(w.a, w.b) == setOf(carryAfterN1.result, carryN1.result) }?.value
+    if (carryChainN == null) {
+      // doesn't happen on input
+      throw IllegalArgumentException("Something Wrong with $carryAfterN1 or $carryN1")
+    }
+
+    // zN
+    val zN = wirings.entries.find { (_, w) -> w.op == "XOR" && setOf(w.a, w.b) == setOf(sumN.result, carryChainN.result) }?.value
+    if (zN == null) {
+      val correctZN = wirings[key.second]!!
+      return if (carryChainN.result in correctZN.input()) {
+        // something bad with sumN
+        sumN.result to correctZN.input().minus(carryChainN.result).first()
+      } else {
+        // something bad with carryChainN
+        carryChainN.result to correctZN.input().minus(sumN.result).first()
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (setOf(carryN1, sumN, carryAfterN1, carryChainN, zN) != currentWirings.toSet()) {
+      // if we got this far - we need to swap out zN values
+      val toSwapWith = currentWirings.first { it.result == key.second }
+      return toSwapWith.result to zN.result
+    }
+
+    return null
+  }
+
+  private fun getMyWirings(key: String, wirings: MutableMap<String, Wiring>): MutableList<Wiring> {
+    val myWirings = mutableListOf<Wiring>()
+    val toCheck = LinkedList<String>()
+    toCheck.add(key)
+    while(toCheck.isNotEmpty()) {
+      val wiring = wirings[toCheck.poll()]!!
+      val (a, op, b, r) = wiring
+
+      myWirings.add(wiring)
+
+      val aIsInput = a.startsWith('x') || a.startsWith('y')
+      val bIsInput = b.startsWith('x') || b.startsWith('y')
+
+      if (!aIsInput) { toCheck.add(a) }
+      if (!bIsInput) { toCheck.add(b) }
+    }
+
+    return myWirings
+  }
+}
+
+data class Wiring(val a: String, val op: String, val b: String, val result: String) {
+  fun input() = setOf(a, b)
+}

src/main/kotlin/me/peckb/aoc/_2024/calendar/day24/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+## [Day 24: Crossed Wires](https://adventofcode.com/2024/day/24)

src/test/kotlin/me/peckb/aoc/_2024/TestDayComponent.kt

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import me.peckb.aoc._2024.calendar.day20.Day20Test
 import me.peckb.aoc._2024.calendar.day21.Day21Test
 import me.peckb.aoc._2024.calendar.day22.Day22Test
 import me.peckb.aoc._2024.calendar.day23.Day23Test
+import me.peckb.aoc._2024.calendar.day24.Day24Test
 import javax.inject.Singleton
 import me.peckb.aoc.DayComponent
 import me.peckb.aoc.InputModule
@@ -54,4 +55,5 @@ internal interface TestDayComponent : DayComponent {
   fun inject(day21Test: Day21Test)
   fun inject(day22Test: Day22Test)
   fun inject(day23Test: Day23Test)
+  fun inject(day24Test: Day24Test)
 }

src/test/kotlin/me/peckb/aoc/_2024/calendar/day24/Day24Test.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package me.peckb.aoc._2024.calendar.day24
+
+import javax.inject.Inject
+
+import me.peckb.aoc._2024.DaggerTestDayComponent
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
+
+internal class Day24Test {
+  @Inject
+  lateinit var day24: Day24
+
+  @BeforeEach
+  fun setup() {
+    DaggerTestDayComponent.create().inject(this)
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  fun testDay24PartOne() {
+    assertEquals(55544677167336, day24.partOne(DAY_24))
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  fun testDay24PartTwo() {
+    assertEquals("gsd,kth,qnf,tbt,vpm,z12,z26,z32", day24.partTwo(DAY_24))
+  }
+
+  companion object {
+    private const val DAY_24: String = "advent-of-code-input/2024/day24.input"
+  }
+}