file-icon-info is a node.js module that allows you to extract the icon image for a given .exe on your machine. A high-resolution, 256x256 image is returned as a base64 encoded string.
npm i file-icon-info
const fii = require('file-icon-info');
const fs = require('fs');
fii.getIcon('executable-file-path.exe', data => {
fs.writeFileSync('path-to-save-icon.ico', data, 'base64');
});