Add integration-test for calling a contract from a runtime pallet

[ascjones]

Adapted from (and superseding paritytech/substrate-contracts-node#228). It belongs better here, now that we can create our own "drink" style in process runtimes for testing.

A foundational step towards #1674, developing an API for calling into a contract from the runtime.

This PR

• adds a new pallet contract-caller which allows calling into a flipper contract
• creates a new sandbox runtime with the pallet attached (required modifying the create_sandbox! macro)
• uses the existing available API in ink to construct the call for the contract
• adds the flipper contract with a trait and an e2e test which demonstrates it working: instantiates the contract, invokes the pallet, queries the modified state of the contract.

The next step (in progress) is to work and iterate on the ink API itself, which will be a follow up PR

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 61.27%. Comparing base (26ac989) to head (68163d5).
Report is 7 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master    #2189   +/-   ##
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  Coverage   61.27%   61.27%           
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  Files         139      139           
  Lines        5709     5709           
  Branches     2421     2421           
=======================================
  Hits         3498     3498           
  Misses       2211     2211           

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[github-actions]

🦑 📈 ink! Example Contracts ‒ Changes Report 📉 🦑

These are the results when building the integration-tests/* contracts from this branch with cargo-contract and comparing them to ink! master:

Contract	Upstream Size (kB)	PR Size (kB)	Diff (kB)	Diff (%)	Change
call-builder-return-value	9.249	9.249	0	0	➖
e2e-runtime-only-backend	1.901	1.901	0	0	➖
lang-err/call-builder-delegate	2.65	2.65	0	0	➖
lang-err/call-builder	5.571	5.571	0	0	➖
lang-err/constructors-return-value	1.997	1.997	0	0	➖
lang-err/contract-ref	5.062	5.062	0	0	➖
lang-err/integration-flipper	1.827	1.827	0	0	➖
mother	12.753	12.753	0	0	➖
sr25519-verification	1.154	1.154	0	0	➖
call-runtime	2.071	2.071	0	0	➖
combined-extension	2.149	2.149	0	0	➖
conditional-compilation	1.502	1.502	0	0	➖
contract-storage	7.58	7.58	0	0	➖
contract-terminate	1.369	1.369	0	0	➖
contract-transfer	1.731	1.731	0	0	➖
cross-contract-calls	7.732	7.732	0	0	➖
cross-contract-calls/other-contract	1.595	1.595	0	0	➖
custom-allocator	7.787	7.787	0	0	➖
custom-environment	2.158	2.158	0	0	➖
dns	7.355	7.355	0	0	➖
e2e-call-runtime	1.32	1.32	0	0	➖
erc1155	14.345	14.345	0	0	➖
erc20	6.955	6.955	0	0	➖
erc721	10.044	10.044	0	0	➖
events	5.27	5.27	0	0	➖
flipper	1.651	1.651	0	0	➖
incrementer	1.516	1.516	0	0	➖
lazyvec	4.66	4.66	0	0	➖
mapping	8.036	8.036	0	0	➖
multi-contract-caller	6.654	6.654	0	0	➖
multi-contract-caller/accumulator	1.388	1.388	0	0	➖
multi-contract-caller/adder	1.922	1.922	0	0	➖
multi-contract-caller/subber	1.942	1.942	0	0	➖
multisig	21.871	21.871	0	0	➖
payment-channel	5.742	5.742	0	0	➖
psp22-extension	7.083	7.083	0	0	➖
rand-extension	2.977	2.977	0	0	➖
static-buffer	2.578	2.578	0	0	➖
trait-dyn-cross-contract-calls	2.899	2.899	0	0	➖
trait-dyn-cross-contract-calls/contracts/incrementer	1.557	1.557	0	0	➖
trait-erc20	7.331	7.331	0	0	➖
trait-flipper	1.502	1.502	0	0	➖
trait-incrementer	1.626	1.626	0	0	➖
upgradeable-contracts/delegator	3.96	3.96	0	0	➖
upgradeable-contracts/delegator/delegatee	1.641	1.641	0	0	➖
upgradeable-contracts/delegator/delegatee2	1.641	1.641	0	0	➖
upgradeable-contracts/set-code-hash-migration	1.755	1.755	0	0	➖
upgradeable-contracts/set-code-hash-migration/migration	1.462	1.462	0	0	➖
upgradeable-contracts/set-code-hash-migration/updated-incrementer	1.909	1.909	0	0	➖
upgradeable-contracts/set-code-hash	1.755	1.755	0	0	➖
upgradeable-contracts/set-code-hash/updated-incrementer	1.733	1.733	0	0	➖
wildcard-selector	2.858	2.858	0	0	➖

Link to the run | Last update: Mon Apr 8 13:26:01 CEST 2024