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Lisp in C# 7

This is a Lisp interpreter compatible with lisp-in-dart except for numeric types: all numbers are double in C#. I wrote it in C# 6 and presented it under the MIT License at http://www.oki-osk.jp/esc/cs/lisp.html (broken link) until the spring of 2017 (H29). I slightly modified it to match C# 7 in 2018 (H30).

Now in 2019 (R1), I implemented a mixed mode arithmetic of int, double and BigInteger in the same way as little-scheme-in-cs.

The same as lisp-in-dart, lisp-in-go and lisp-in-typescript, this is a Lisp-1 with tail call optimization and partially hygienic macros but being a subset of Common Lisp in a loose meaning. It is easy to write a nontrivial script which runs both in this and in Common Lisp (and also in Emacs Lisp). Examples are found in the examples folder.

See IMPLEMENTATION-NOTES.md for the implementation.

How to run

With Mono 6.12.0:

$ csc -o -r:System.Numerics.dll lisp.cs arith.cs
....
$ mono lisp.exe
> (+ 5 6)
11
> (exit 0)
$ 

With .NET 6.0:

$ dotnet build -c Release
....
$ ./bin/Release/net6.0/lisp
> (+ 5 6)
11
> (exit 0)
$

You can give it a file name of your Lisp script. If you put a "-" after the file name, it will begin an interactive session after running the file.

$ cat examples/fib15.l
(defun fib (n)
  (if (< n 2)
      1
    (+ (fib (- n 1))
       (fib (- n 2)))))
(print (fib 15))
$ mono lisp.exe examples/fib15.l -
987
> (fib 0)
1
> (fib 15)
987
> (fib 16)
1597
> (exit 0)
$ 

Examples

There are five files ending with .l under the examples folder. These run also in Emacs Lisp and Common Lisp.

$ mono lisp.exe examples/qsort.l
(1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 5 6 7 8 9 9 9)
$ 
$ emacs -batch -l examples/qsort.l

(1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 5 6 7 8 9 9 9)
$ 
$ clisp examples/qsort.l

(1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 5 6 7 8 9 9 9)
$ 
$ mono lisp.exe examples/fact100.l 
93326215443944152681699238856266700490715968264381621468592963895217599993229915
608941463976156518286253697920827223758251185210916864000000000000000000000000
$
  • fib15.l calculates Fibonacci for 15.

  • eval-fib15.l calculates Fibonacci for 15 on a meta-circular Lisp evaluator.

  • eval-eval-fib15.l calculates Fibonacci for 15 on a meta-circular Lisp evaluator on a meta-circular Lisp evaluator.

There is one more example:

  • interp_in_thread.cs runs a Lisp interpreter in another thread. You can embed an interpreter within your application in the same way.
$ cd examples
$ csc -o -t:library -r:System.Numerics.dll ../lisp.cs ../arith.cs
....
$ csc -r:lisp.dll interp_in_thread.cs
...
$ mono interp_in_thread.exe
=> (1 . 2)
Reiwa
=> Reiwa
$ 

The examples of eval-fib15.l and eval-eval-fib15.l are inspired by /~https://github.com/zick/ZickStandardLisp.

Performance

The following is a result of a benchmark test: the time to execute eval-eval-fib15.l. I used MacBook Pro (15-inch, 2016), 2.6GHz Core i7, 16GB 2133MHz LPDDR3, macOS Mojave 10.14.6.

Lisp Compiled/Executed on Executed in Executes Time [sec] Rel. Speed
GNU CLISP 2.49 Mach-O *.fas 4.0 8.0
GNU Emacs Lisp 26.2 Mach-O *.elc 6.4 5.0
l2lisp-in-java 1.0.0-9.4 AdoptOpenJDK 11.0.5+10 HotSpot *.jar source file 12.8 2.5
GNU Emacs Lisp 26.2 Mach-O source file 16.2 2.0
lisp-in-dart 1.0.1 Dart VM 2.5.2 snapshot source file 20.4 1.6
lisp-in-dart 1.0.1 /Dart VM 2.5.2 source file source file 21.4 1.5
lisp-in-typescript 1.0.0-1.27 TS 3.6.4/Node.js 12.12.0 *.js (ESNEXT) source file 23.9 1.3
lisp-in-typescript 1.0.0-1.27 TS 3.6.4/Node.js 12.12.0 *.js (ES5) source file 25.4 1.3
lisp-in-cs 2.0.0 .NET Core SDK 3.0.100 *.dll (.NET) source file 31.8 1.0
l2lisp-in-python (7.2) /PyPy 7.1.1(Python 3.6.1) source file source file 37.8 0.8
l2lisp-in-python (7.2) /PyPy 7.1.1(Python 2.7.13) source file source file 41.7 0.8
lisp-in-cs 2.0.0 Mono 6.4.0.198 *.exe (.NET) source file 43.9 0.7
lisp-in-go 2.0.1 Go 1.13.3/ Mach-O source file 66.6 0.5
GNU CLISP 2.49 Mach-O source file 575.8 0.1
l2lisp-in-python (7.2) /Python 3.7.4 source file source file 1116.7 0.0

I am sorry to say that the performance of this Lisp (lisp-in-cs) is rather mediocre. Note that l2lisp-in-java, lisp-in-dart, lisp-in-typescript, lisp-in-cs and lisp-in-go are all written in largely the same way; l2lisp-in-python is a little old-fashioned. Therefore, roughly speaking, their speeds shown above reflect those of their respective implementation languages: Java, Dart, TypeScript, C# and Go (and Python).

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A Lisp interpreter in C# 7

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