diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/fixtures/file-url/entry.js b/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/fixtures/file-url/entry.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..60c71f346d9a3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/fixtures/file-url/entry.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default 'ok'
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/fixtures/file-url/package.json b/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/fixtures/file-url/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..3dbc1ca591c055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/fixtures/file-url/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "type": "module"
+}
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/resolve.spec.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/resolve.spec.ts
index 9929b416df744d..111cdb99a6b1a0 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/resolve.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/resolve.spec.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
+import { join } from 'node:path'
 import { describe, expect, onTestFinished, test } from 'vitest'
 import { createServer } from '../server'
 import { createServerModuleRunner } from '../ssr/runtime/serverModuleRunner'
+import type { InlineConfig } from '../config'
+import { build } from '../build'
 
 describe('import and resolveId', () => {
   async function createTestServer() {
@@ -50,3 +53,98 @@ describe('import and resolveId', () => {
     ])
   })
 })
+
+describe('file url', () => {
+  const fileUrl = new URL('./fixtures/file-url/entry.js', import.meta.url)
+
+  function getConfig(): InlineConfig {
+    return {
+      configFile: false,
+      root: join(import.meta.dirname, 'fixtures/file-url'),
+      logLevel: 'error',
+      server: {
+        middlewareMode: true,
+      },
+      plugins: [
+        {
+          name: 'virtual-file-url',
+          resolveId(source) {
+            if (source.startsWith('virtual:test-dep/')) {
+              return '\0' + source
+            }
+          },
+          load(id) {
+            if (id === '\0virtual:test-dep/static') {
+              return `
+                import * as dep from ${JSON.stringify(fileUrl.href)};
+                export default dep;
+              `
+            }
+            if (id === '\0virtual:test-dep/non-static') {
+              return `
+                const dep = await import(/* @vite-ignore */ String(${JSON.stringify(fileUrl.href)}));
+                export default dep;
+              `
+            }
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+    }
+  }
+
+  test('dev', async () => {
+    const server = await createServer(getConfig())
+    onTestFinished(() => server.close())
+
+    const runner = createServerModuleRunner(server.environments.ssr, {
+      hmr: {
+        logger: false,
+      },
+      sourcemapInterceptor: false,
+    })
+
+    const mod = await runner.import('/entry.js')
+    expect(mod.default).toEqual('ok')
+
+    const mod2 = await runner.import(fileUrl.href)
+    expect(mod2).toBe(mod)
+
+    const mod3 = await runner.import('virtual:test-dep/static')
+    expect(mod3.default).toBe(mod)
+
+    const mod4 = await runner.import('virtual:test-dep/non-static')
+    expect(mod4.default).toBe(mod)
+  })
+
+  test('build', async () => {
+    await build({
+      ...getConfig(),
+      build: {
+        ssr: true,
+        outDir: 'dist/basic',
+        rollupOptions: {
+          input: { index: fileUrl.href },
+        },
+      },
+    })
+    const mod1 = await import(
+      join(import.meta.dirname, 'fixtures/file-url/dist/basic/index.js')
+    )
+    expect(mod1.default).toBe('ok')
+
+    await build({
+      ...getConfig(),
+      build: {
+        ssr: true,
+        outDir: 'dist/virtual',
+        rollupOptions: {
+          input: { index: 'virtual:test-dep/static' },
+        },
+      },
+    })
+    const mod2 = await import(
+      join(import.meta.dirname, 'fixtures/file-url/dist/virtual/index.js')
+    )
+    expect(mod2.default.default).toBe('ok')
+  })
+})
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts
index c8eb2575678f03..42958f966824d3 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import fs from 'node:fs'
 import path from 'node:path'
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url'
 import colors from 'picocolors'
 import type { PartialResolvedId } from 'rollup'
 import { exports, imports } from 'resolve.exports'
@@ -364,6 +365,11 @@ export function resolvePlugin(
         }
       }
 
+      // file url as path
+      if (id.startsWith('file://')) {
+        id = fileURLToPath(id)
+      }
+
       // drive relative fs paths (only windows)
       if (isWindows && id[0] === '/') {
         const basedir = importer ? path.dirname(importer) : process.cwd()
diff --git a/playground/resolve/__tests__/resolve.spec.ts b/playground/resolve/__tests__/resolve.spec.ts
index 24715df90a1e29..e12ddecedb5c0d 100644
--- a/playground/resolve/__tests__/resolve.spec.ts
+++ b/playground/resolve/__tests__/resolve.spec.ts
@@ -123,6 +123,10 @@ test('absolute path', async () => {
   expect(await page.textContent('.absolute')).toMatch('[success]')
 })
 
+test('file url', async () => {
+  expect(await page.textContent('.file-url')).toMatch('[success]')
+})
+
 test('browser field', async () => {
   expect(await page.textContent('.browser')).toMatch('[success]')
 })
diff --git a/playground/resolve/file-url.js b/playground/resolve/file-url.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..3108786390cc71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/resolve/file-url.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default '[success] file-url'
diff --git a/playground/resolve/index.html b/playground/resolve/index.html
index 5badd9bf57bb6e..8c315f74dcd2c1 100644
--- a/playground/resolve/index.html
+++ b/playground/resolve/index.html
@@ -122,6 +122,9 @@ <h2>Resolve drive-relative path (Windows only)</h2>
 <h2>Resolve absolute path</h2>
 <p class="absolute">fail</p>
 
+<h2>Resolve file url</h2>
+<p class="file-url">fail</p>
+
 <h2>Browser Field</h2>
 <p class="browser">fail</p>
 
diff --git a/playground/resolve/vite.config.js b/playground/resolve/vite.config.js
index a840ec103298d1..c7d8d6ea059746 100644
--- a/playground/resolve/vite.config.js
+++ b/playground/resolve/vite.config.js
@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ const generatedContentImports = [
     specifier: normalizePath(path.resolve(__dirname, './absolute.js')),
     elementQuery: '.absolute',
   },
+  {
+    specifier: new URL('file-url.js', import.meta.url),
+    elementQuery: '.file-url',
+  },
 ]
 
 export default defineConfig({
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index 2c6be9c1e86deb..4f6164e8019a1c 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -435,6 +435,8 @@ importers:
 
   packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/fixtures/cjs-ssr-dep: {}
 
+  packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/fixtures/file-url: {}
+
   packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/fixtures/test-dep-conditions: {}
 
   packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/packages/module: {}