Python_Intro_Part1.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "___\n",
    "\n",
    "<a href='https://virasec.ir'> <img src='viraacademy-Logo.png' /></a>\n",
    "___\n",
    "\n",
    "# Python Intro"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Execute Python Syntax"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello, World!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"Hello, World!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#for Python version 2\n",
    "C:\\Users\\Gerami>python myfile.py\n",
    "\n",
    "#for Python version 3\n",
    "C:\\Users\\Gerami>python3.8 myfile.py\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Python Indentation\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Five is greater than two!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if 5 > 2:\n",
    "  print(\"Five is greater than two!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Five is greater than two!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if 5 > 2:\n",
    "print(\"Five is greater than two!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Comments"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello, World!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#This is a comment.\n",
    "print(\"Hello, World!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello, World!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"Hello, World!\") #This is a comment"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Python Variables"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "5\n",
      "Reza\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 5\n",
    "y = \"Reza\"\n",
    "print(x)\n",
    "print(y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Ali\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 4 # x is of type int\n",
    "x = \"Ali\" # x is now of type str\n",
    "print(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x = \"Mohammad Reza\"\n",
    "# is the same as\n",
    "x = 'Mohammad Reza'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Mohammad Reza'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Variable Names"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "A variable can have a short name (like x and y) or a more descriptive name (age, carname, total_volume). Rules for Python variables:\n",
    "\n",
    "A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character\n",
    "\n",
    "A variable name cannot start with a number\n",
    "\n",
    "A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )\n",
    "\n",
    "Variable names are case-sensitive (age, Age and AGE are three different variables)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "SyntaxError",
     "evalue": "invalid syntax (<ipython-input-13-9ffec4c39c3c>, line 10)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;36m  File \u001b[1;32m\"<ipython-input-13-9ffec4c39c3c>\"\u001b[1;36m, line \u001b[1;32m10\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;33m    2myvar = \"Reza\"\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;37m         ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mSyntaxError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;31m:\u001b[0m invalid syntax\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#Legal variable names:\n",
    "myvar = \"Reza\"\n",
    "my_var = \"Reza\"\n",
    "_my_var = \"Reza\"\n",
    "myVar = \"Reza\"\n",
    "MYVAR = \"Reza\"\n",
    "myvar2 = \"Reza\"\n",
    "\n",
    "#Illegal variable names:\n",
    "2myvar = \"Reza\"\n",
    "my-var = \"Reza\"\n",
    "my var = \"Reza\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Assign Value to Multiple Variables"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Orange\n",
      "Banana\n",
      "Apple\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x, y, z = \"Orange\", \"Banana\", \"Apple\"\n",
    "print(x)\n",
    "print(y)\n",
    "print(z)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Orange\n",
      "Orange\n",
      "Orange\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = y = z = \"Orange\"\n",
    "print(x)\n",
    "print(y)\n",
    "print(z)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Python is Great\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = \"Great\"\n",
    "print(\"Python is \" + x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-17-8b00a2cdf780>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0mx\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m5\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      2\u001b[0m \u001b[0my\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m\"Reza\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 3\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mx\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m+\u001b[0m \u001b[0my\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 5\n",
    "y = \"Reza\"\n",
    "print(x + y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Python Data Types"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Built-in Data Types\n",
    "In programming, data type is an important concept.\n",
    "\n",
    "Variables can store data of different types, and different types can do different things.\n",
    "\n",
    "Python has the following data types built-in by default, in these categories:\n",
    "\n",
    "Text Type:\tstr\n",
    "\n",
    "Numeric Types:\tint, float, complex\n",
    "\n",
    "Sequence Types:\tlist, tuple, range\n",
    "\n",
    "Mapping Type:\tdict\n",
    "\n",
    "Set Types:\tset, frozenset\n",
    "\n",
    "Boolean Type:\tbool\n",
    "\n",
    "Binary Types:\tbytes, bytearray, memoryview"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'str'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 'str'\n",
    "print(type(x))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x = \"Hello World\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x = {\"name\" : \"Ali\", \"age\" : 36}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x = True"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Python Numbers"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x = 1    # int\n",
    "y = 2.8  # float\n",
    "z = 1j   # complex"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'int'>\n",
      "<class 'float'>\n",
      "<class 'complex'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(type(x))\n",
    "print(type(y))\n",
    "print(type(z))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Type Conversion"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x = 1    # int\n",
    "y = 2.8  # float\n",
    "z = 1j   # complex\n",
    "\n",
    "#convert from int to float:\n",
    "a = float(x)\n",
    "\n",
    "#convert from float to int:\n",
    "b = int(y)\n",
    "\n",
    "#convert from int to complex:\n",
    "c = complex(x)\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1.0\n",
      "2\n",
      "(1+0j)\n",
      "<class 'float'>\n",
      "<class 'int'>\n",
      "<class 'complex'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(a)\n",
    "print(b)\n",
    "print(c)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(type(a))\n",
    "print(type(b))\n",
    "print(type(c))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Python Strings"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello\n",
      "Hello\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"Hello\")\n",
    "print('Hello')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Assign String to a Variable"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = \"Hello\"\n",
    "print(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Multiline Strings"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,\n",
      "consectetur adipiscing elit,\n",
      "sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt\n",
      "ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = \"\"\"Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,\n",
    "consectetur adipiscing elit,\n",
    "sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt\n",
    "ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.\"\"\"\n",
    "print(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Strings are Arrays"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "H\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = \"Hello, World!\"\n",
    "print(a[0])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Slicing"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "llo\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b = \"Hello, World!\"\n",
    "print(b[2:5])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Negative Indexing"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "orl\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b = \"Hello, World!\"\n",
    "print(b[-5:-2])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "!dlroW ,olleH\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b = \"Hello, World!\"\n",
    "print(b[::-1])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### String Length"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "13\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = \"Hello, World!\"\n",
    "print(len(a))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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