diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index cfb5f2bf8..dde0c2fef 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -57,6 +57,11 @@
     "@google-cloud/projectify": "^4.0.0",
     "@google-cloud/promisify": "^4.0.0",
     "@grpc/proto-loader": "^0.7.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/api": "^1.9.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/instrumentation": "^0.52.1",
+    "@opentelemetry/instrumentation-grpc": "^0.52.1",
+    "@opentelemetry/instrumentation-http": "^0.52.1",
+    "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-base": "^1.25.1",
     "@types/big.js": "^6.0.0",
     "@types/stack-trace": "0.0.33",
     "arrify": "^2.0.0",
diff --git a/src/v1/instrument.ts b/src/v1/instrument.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22ecf03a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/v1/instrument.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+// Copyright 2024 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+import {context, trace} from '@opentelemetry/api';
+const tracer = trace.getTracer('nodejs-spanner');
+import {Span, SpanStatusCode} from '@opentelemetry/api';
+
+// Ensure that we've registered the gRPC instrumentation.
+const {GrpcInstrumentation} = require('@opentelemetry/instrumentation-grpc');
+const {BatchSpanProcessor} = require('@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-base');
+const {HttpInstrumentation} = require('@opentelemetry/instrumentation-http');
+const {registerInstrumentations} = require('@opentelemetry/instrumentation');
+// Ensure that the auto-instrumentation for gRPC & HTTP generates
+// traces that'll be retrieved along with the spans we've created.
+registerInstrumentations({
+  instrumentations: [new GrpcInstrumentation(), new HttpInstrumentation()],
+});
+
+const {
+  CallbackMethod,
+  CallbackifyAllOptions,
+  PromiseMethod,
+  PromisifyAllOptions,
+  PromisifyOptions,
+  WithPromise,
+} = require('@google-cloud/promisify');
+
+const optedInPII = process.env.SPANNER_NODEJS_ANNOTATE_PII_SQL === '1';
+
+interface SQLStatement {
+  sql: string;
+}
+
+// startTrace synchronously returns a tracing span, to avoid the dramatic
+// scope change in which trying to use tracer.startActiveSpan
+// would change the meaning of "this", which is heavily used around
+// the library, and also the introduction of callbacks
+// would radically change all the code structures making it more invasive.
+export function startTrace(
+  spanNameSuffix: string,
+  sql?: string | SQLStatement
+): Span {
+  const span = tracer.startSpan(
+    'cloud.google.com/nodejs/spanner/' + spanNameSuffix
+  );
+
+  if (optedInPII && sql) {
+    if (typeof sql === 'string') {
+      span.setAttribute('sql', sql as string);
+    } else {
+      const stmt = sql as SQLStatement;
+      span.setAttribute('sql', stmt.sql);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Now set the span as the active one in the current context so that
+  // future invocations to startTrace will have this current span as
+  // the parent.
+  trace.setSpan(context.active(), span);
+  return span;
+}
+
+// setSpanError sets an error on the span using code SpanStatusCode.Error
+// as well as the message of the string representation of err.
+export function setSpanError(span: Span, err: Error | String) {
+  if (err) {
+    span.setStatus({
+      code: SpanStatusCode.ERROR,
+      message: err.toString(),
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Wraps a promisy type function to conditionally call a callback function.
+ *
+ * @param {function} originalMethod - The method to callbackify.
+ * @param {object=} options - Callback options.
+ * @param {boolean} options.singular - Pass to the callback a single arg instead of an array.
+ * @return {function} wrapped
+ *
+ * This code although modified for OpenTelemetry instrumentation, is copied from
+ * /~https://github.com/googleapis/nodejs-promisify/blob/main/src/index.ts
+ */
+function callbackify(originalMethod: typeof CallbackMethod) {
+  if (originalMethod.callbackified_) {
+    return originalMethod;
+  }
+
+  // tslint:disable-next-line:no-any
+  const wrapper = function (this: any) {
+    if (typeof arguments[arguments.length - 1] !== 'function') {
+      return originalMethod.apply(this, arguments);
+    }
+
+    const cb = Array.prototype.pop.call(arguments);
+
+    const span = startTrace('Spanner.' + cb.name);
+    originalMethod.apply(this, arguments).then(
+      // tslint:disable-next-line:no-any
+      (res: any) => {
+        res = Array.isArray(res) ? res : [res];
+        span.end();
+        cb(null, ...res);
+      },
+      (err: Error) => {
+        setSpanError(span, err);
+        span.end();
+        cb(err);
+      }
+    );
+  };
+  wrapper.callbackified_ = true;
+  return wrapper;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Callbackifies certain Class methods. This will not callbackify private or
+ * streaming methods.
+ *
+ * @param {module:common/service} Class - Service class.
+ * @param {object=} options - Configuration object.
+ *
+ * This code although modified for OpenTelemetry instrumentation, is copied from
+ * /~https://github.com/googleapis/nodejs-promisify/blob/main/src/index.ts
+ */
+export function callbackifyAll(
+  // tslint:disable-next-line:variable-name
+  Class: Function,
+  options?: typeof CallbackifyAllOptions
+) {
+  const exclude = (options && options.exclude) || [];
+  const ownPropertyNames = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Class.prototype);
+  const methods = ownPropertyNames.filter(methodName => {
+    // clang-format off
+    return (
+      !exclude.includes(methodName) &&
+      typeof Class.prototype[methodName] === 'function' && // is it a function?
+      !/^_|(Stream|_)|^constructor$/.test(methodName) // is it callbackifyable?
+    );
+    // clang-format on
+  });
+
+  methods.forEach(methodName => {
+    const originalMethod = Class.prototype[methodName];
+    if (!originalMethod.callbackified_) {
+      Class.prototype[methodName] = callbackify(originalMethod);
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Wraps a callback style function to conditionally return a promise.
+ *
+ * @param {function} originalMethod - The method to promisify.
+ * @param {object=} options - Promise options.
+ * @param {boolean} options.singular - Resolve the promise with single arg instead of an array.
+ * @return {function} wrapped
+ *
+ * This code although modified for OpenTelemetry instrumentation, is copied from
+ * /~https://github.com/googleapis/nodejs-promisify/blob/main/src/index.ts
+ */
+export function promisify(
+  originalMethod: typeof PromiseMethod,
+  options?: typeof PromisifyOptions
+) {
+  if (originalMethod.promisified_) {
+    return originalMethod;
+  }
+
+  options = options || {};
+
+  const slice = Array.prototype.slice;
+
+  const wrapper: any = function (this: typeof WithPromise) {
+    const span = startTrace('Spanner.' + originalMethod.name);
+
+    // tslint:disable-next-line:no-any
+    let last;
+
+    for (last = arguments.length - 1; last >= 0; last--) {
+      const arg = arguments[last];
+
+      if (typeof arg === 'undefined') {
+        continue; // skip trailing undefined.
+      }
+
+      if (typeof arg !== 'function') {
+        break; // non-callback last argument found.
+      }
+
+      return originalMethod.apply(this, arguments);
+    }
+
+    // peel trailing undefined.
+    const args = slice.call(arguments, 0, last + 1);
+
+    // tslint:disable-next-line:variable-name
+    let PromiseCtor = Promise;
+
+    // Because dedupe will likely create a single install of
+    // @google-cloud/common to be shared amongst all modules, we need to
+    // localize it at the Service level.
+    if (this && this.Promise) {
+      PromiseCtor = this.Promise;
+    }
+
+    return new PromiseCtor((resolve, reject) => {
+      // tslint:disable-next-line:no-any
+      args.push((...args: any[]) => {
+        const callbackArgs = slice.call(args);
+        const err = callbackArgs.shift();
+
+        if (err) {
+          setSpanError(span, err);
+          span.end();
+          return reject(err);
+        }
+
+        span.end();
+        if (options!.singular && callbackArgs.length === 1) {
+          resolve(callbackArgs[0]);
+        } else {
+          resolve(callbackArgs);
+        }
+      });
+
+      originalMethod.apply(this, args);
+    });
+  };
+
+  wrapper.promisified_ = true;
+  return wrapper;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Promisifies certain Class methods. This will not promisify private or
+ * streaming methods.
+ *
+ * @param {module:common/service} Class - Service class.
+ * @param {object=} options - Configuration object.
+ *
+ * This code although modified for OpenTelemetry instrumentation, is copied from
+ * /~https://github.com/googleapis/nodejs-promisify/blob/main/src/index.ts
+ */
+// tslint:disable-next-line:variable-name
+export function promisifyAll(
+  Class: Function,
+  options?: typeof PromisifyAllOptions
+) {
+  const exclude = (options && options.exclude) || [];
+  const ownPropertyNames = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Class.prototype);
+  const methods = ownPropertyNames.filter(methodName => {
+    // clang-format off
+    return (
+      !exclude.includes(methodName) &&
+      typeof Class.prototype[methodName] === 'function' && // is it a function?
+      !/(^_|(Stream|_)|promise$)|^constructor$/.test(methodName) // is it promisable?
+    );
+    // clang-format on
+  });
+
+  methods.forEach(methodName => {
+    const originalMethod = Class.prototype[methodName];
+    if (!originalMethod.promisified_) {
+      Class.prototype[methodName] = exports.promisify(originalMethod, options);
+    }
+  });
+}