diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 2fa29436977..b25a525da4b 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -57,13 +57,13 @@ implementation 'com.google.cloud:google-cloud-spanner'
 If you are using Gradle without BOM, add this to your dependencies:
 
 ```Groovy
-implementation 'com.google.cloud:google-cloud-spanner:6.53.0'
+implementation 'com.google.cloud:google-cloud-spanner:6.54.0'
 ```
 
 If you are using SBT, add this to your dependencies:
 
 ```Scala
-libraryDependencies += "com.google.cloud" % "google-cloud-spanner" % "6.53.0"
+libraryDependencies += "com.google.cloud" % "google-cloud-spanner" % "6.54.0"
 ```
 <!-- {x-version-update-end} -->
 
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.
 [kokoro-badge-link-5]: http://storage.googleapis.com/cloud-devrel-public/java/badges/java-spanner/java11.html
 [stability-image]: https://img.shields.io/badge/stability-stable-green
 [maven-version-image]: https://img.shields.io/maven-central/v/com.google.cloud/google-cloud-spanner.svg
-[maven-version-link]: https://central.sonatype.com/artifact/com.google.cloud/google-cloud-spanner/6.53.0
+[maven-version-link]: https://central.sonatype.com/artifact/com.google.cloud/google-cloud-spanner/6.54.0
 [authentication]: /~https://github.com/googleapis/google-cloud-java#authentication
 [auth-scopes]: https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/oauth2/scopes
 [predefined-iam-roles]: https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/understanding-roles#predefined_roles
diff --git a/google-cloud-spanner/src/main/resources/com/google/cloud/spanner/connection/ClientSideStatements.json b/google-cloud-spanner/src/main/resources/com/google/cloud/spanner/connection/ClientSideStatements.json
index 579952660c3..576991b8e02 100644
--- a/google-cloud-spanner/src/main/resources/com/google/cloud/spanner/connection/ClientSideStatements.json
+++ b/google-cloud-spanner/src/main/resources/com/google/cloud/spanner/connection/ClientSideStatements.json
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@
 		"statementType": "RUN_PARTITION",
 		"regex": "(?is)\\A\\s*run\\s+partition(?:\\s*'(.*)')?\\s*\\z",
 		"method": "statementRunPartition",
-		"exampleStatements": ["run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA=='"]
+		"exampleStatements": []
 	},
 	{
 		"name": "RUN PARTITIONED QUERY <sql>",
diff --git a/google-cloud-spanner/src/test/resources/com/google/cloud/spanner/connection/ClientSideStatementsTest.sql b/google-cloud-spanner/src/test/resources/com/google/cloud/spanner/connection/ClientSideStatementsTest.sql
index 494371b4de6..0c15e5462da 100644
--- a/google-cloud-spanner/src/test/resources/com/google/cloud/spanner/connection/ClientSideStatementsTest.sql
+++ b/google-cloud-spanner/src/test/resources/com/google/cloud/spanner/connection/ClientSideStatementsTest.sql
@@ -3919,201 +3919,6 @@ NEW_CONNECTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 partition select col1, col2 from my_table/-;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-   run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-			run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-
-
-
-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA=='  ;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA=='		;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA=='
-
-;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-run   partition   'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-run	partition	'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-run
-partition
-'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-foo run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==' bar;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-%run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA=='%;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition%'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-_run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA=='_;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition_'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-&run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA=='&;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition&'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-$run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA=='$;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition$'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-@run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA=='@;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition@'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-!run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA=='!;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition!'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-*run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA=='*;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition*'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-(run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA=='(;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition('H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-)run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==');
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition)'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
--run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA=='-;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition-'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-+run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA=='+;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition+'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
--#run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA=='-#;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition-#'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-/run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA=='/;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition/'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-\run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA=='\;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition\'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-?run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA=='?;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition?'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
--/run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA=='-/;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition-/'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-/#run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA=='/#;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition/#'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-/-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition 'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA=='/-;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION INVALID_ARGUMENT
-run partition/-'H4sIAAAAAAAA_7VWTWwbRRSeOHESp_lpQyGoomBao1KCvU3s2IkCInWUgMOSlMT8tQcY787ak8zubHZmE5tDVQ7c4MqJAweQOFSiEhJwBa4ICVCFxAGB4MIBCQQIDgjxZr3ebJM64cIe7NmZ9_u9773Z6z-jpPCQZnA7V-e8zkjOYNw3c8LFjkO8nMHhz5CUO7lL2JNUrSomgmd0uTKZQAkdpdzOgUQZHSxpbUtaYEkLLWmR-ryORqSHHYGNtjWJst3VylgajWpcfL7pQshnuoYcOeK_T_y0MPzaxQRK6WjA4My3HSHRSX0T72CNYaeuVSTxcI0RiClJHZM0JRqPHW9Ijzp1OOzbIi1Qvb97nE-S1gaRIHo8gmPNVb-gNvkfUAmFwcBoZKDKtwiAmo6rux6XvOZbWrklSRTf8LZPvFbk8Ex3h3t-jnkEm-HrNrqKhqCUQmJJbHB6aCk3OlIKNqnwU_r9TRceKM35o0sTug0rNA88WkEjNm5GAmIFjUc4bNCXiUpXNF207wF3F2LuOujk9tDJ6FQVme3thKo9CdRzBSVryrBEiSvlpoeyR9ki2LqdIQS69x6uG_NaQX0NLBrtbHxP-b7-28Rf_YPV75QptZ2xzJKJi5hkjVpxJlvIW9NZjGeKWTJdmiOz0yWrVJuB5NNdsb4V4qUEGrmMxnapbCxy26ZS1VDoaAiCtIi3zncBgzvineFIUieeIrSJJS5zLuSSo2pt3ioIJ4xg1dV9ROJ6wAQd9VuUAezhW5JRcCnR8ZiezgPmDrq4TlSBlehEME3qJCB-qDvqesQiMAQWG76zJUKxQdej3KOyJVHuSLJn1l3jUigPLnv3whzewYxCfmTNYS21d7eOxhVIStOmQlJD58ZWcAJ1cePPoUMoapEfbzSsV1_5-2YC9QLaQGlsEwAG0B5rg-FLyrSnsHuwi4vxxDop7UxpS01i-ECrbbZOQEPIzNMxPZWg2GZhR0KQDyg3OeUmt8gZa09zkXnGsblJLapKCu5_fefdf-QfA2Wgp456bKV-OlA_saf-BJAWRJMD33z86V0vfdGLEstoiHFsLsNs5l4FpWTDI6LBmdl0H1to8313EH4TagVN5k6BxQe7ovYsZj7JAPWKhYrtslM3vj_3vDj2OcS0gpI76hD67OEj1C_WBFwvhgzevvpz_f3K619-BBPmMuqnYtVnDJgqWy6R6L7uzKmCwPy-pr6Nsw_eeIu9cPaRYrttIbfTXeWVxZtra798cuLOzQRKQl9hz8OtJRbQRJ0qzM9BcAY3yaHzVwlnFkFKccaihJmi3FoFYgVVg3YLxo9E93QhUJAcqAJOviGXAwMSnb_FIQwJ7sBfQBitYtt-MOh16Am4gN2rh5E_iq8zpceDATkaMEk1f27J8e34oStRsrJaLRagrzqDUm2eFUT5Tz-Utjxup-3Wi0EU6d0G8Uiamo8uUFORdLJrLAe_H8KJuBh0ZEoQIYLtcCKkoO-hpbDt7sOvXYJq5_TAV4zST6mYnwP0NyFooe7qTY1CK2PHICJYaWqY1jB41cyaFjoXWi1vlWatC1PZaVysZQukWMjW8vm5bJ7Mlgoz08WZqfwcpHnqQJpRPI9fm1j98Nv33gaiV1DSwQ6HK3RAEPiAM-He7Pth9ppC1fzs6zeDGToW3D1qdRIW1v8UsxaDSGhT_wJCVcN1bwoAAA==';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
 run partitioned query select col1, col2 from my_table;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 RUN PARTITIONED QUERY SELECT COL1, COL2 FROM MY_TABLE;
diff --git a/google-cloud-spanner/src/test/resources/com/google/cloud/spanner/connection/ConnectionImplGeneratedSqlScriptTest.sql b/google-cloud-spanner/src/test/resources/com/google/cloud/spanner/connection/ConnectionImplGeneratedSqlScriptTest.sql
index 5c871995ef0..03102fd6073 100644
--- a/google-cloud-spanner/src/test/resources/com/google/cloud/spanner/connection/ConnectionImplGeneratedSqlScriptTest.sql
+++ b/google-cloud-spanner/src/test/resources/com/google/cloud/spanner/connection/ConnectionImplGeneratedSqlScriptTest.sql
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
@@ -26,123 +26,125 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
@@ -151,58 +153,60 @@ SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:34.255000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:34.255000000Z'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:47.919000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:47.919000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:34.255000000Z';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:47.919000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:47.919000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -217,34 +221,34 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -253,8 +257,8 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -297,45 +301,46 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
@@ -346,28 +351,36 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
@@ -376,123 +389,173 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
@@ -501,58 +564,78 @@ SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:34.799000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:34.799000000Z'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.217000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.217000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:34.800000000Z';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.217000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.217000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -567,34 +650,48 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -603,8 +700,10 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -647,45 +746,62 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
@@ -696,324 +812,207 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:35.265000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:35.265000000Z'
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.474000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.474000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:35.265000000Z';
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.475000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -1028,55 +1027,34 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -1085,11 +1063,8 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -1132,116 +1107,71 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
@@ -1250,195 +1180,125 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
@@ -1447,85 +1307,60 @@ SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:35.813000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:35.813000000Z'
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.698000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.698000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:35.813000000Z';
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.698000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.698000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -1540,55 +1375,34 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -1597,11 +1411,8 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -1644,69 +1455,46 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
@@ -1717,208 +1505,217 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:36.310000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:36.310000000Z'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.991000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.991000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:36.310000000Z';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.991000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.991000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -1933,34 +1730,34 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -1969,8 +1766,8 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -2013,282 +1810,230 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:36.722000000Z';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.241000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.241000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:36.722000000Z';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.241000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.241000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -2303,41 +2048,27 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -2346,9 +2077,7 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -2391,254 +2120,254 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+COMMIT;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP'
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+COMMIT;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:37.179000000Z';
+COMMIT;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.397000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.397000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:37.179000000Z';
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.397000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -2654,33 +2383,33 @@ SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -2690,7 +2419,7 @@ SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -2734,66 +2463,76 @@ SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
@@ -2803,98 +2542,122 @@ SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
@@ -2904,48 +2667,57 @@ SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:37.584000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:37.584000000Z'
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.565000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.565000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:37.584000000Z';
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.565000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -2961,26 +2733,33 @@ SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -2990,6 +2769,7 @@ SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -3033,36 +2813,44 @@ SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
@@ -3074,26 +2862,39 @@ BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
@@ -3101,134 +2902,196 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
-@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
-START BATCH DML;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
@@ -3236,59 +3099,86 @@ SET READONLY=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',TRUE
 SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:38.051000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:38.051000000Z'
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.735000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.735000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:38.051000000Z';
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.735000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -3302,35 +3192,56 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION',''
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -3338,9 +3249,12 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE',''
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -3382,84 +3296,117 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT',null
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
@@ -3467,182 +3414,196 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
-@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
-START BATCH DML;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
@@ -3650,77 +3611,86 @@ SET READONLY=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',TRUE
 SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:38.444000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:38.444000000Z'
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.919000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.919000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:38.444000000Z';
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.919000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -3734,49 +3704,56 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION',''
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -3784,11 +3761,12 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE',''
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -3830,305 +3808,282 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT',null
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:38.805000000Z';
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.090000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.090000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:38.805000000Z';
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.090000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -4142,42 +4097,35 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION',''
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -4185,10 +4133,9 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE',''
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -4230,255 +4177,283 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT',null
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:39.124000000Z';
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.216000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:39.124000000Z';
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.216000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -4492,35 +4467,42 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION',''
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -4528,9 +4510,10 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE',''
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -4572,378 +4555,255 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT',null
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
-@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
-START BATCH DML;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:39.464000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:39.464000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.371000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:39.464000000Z';
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.371000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -4957,56 +4817,35 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION',''
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -5014,12 +4853,9 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE',''
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -5061,279 +4897,220 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT',null
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:39.865000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:39.865000000Z'
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.519000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.519000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:39.865000000Z';
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.519000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -5347,35 +5124,28 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION',''
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -5383,9 +5153,8 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE',''
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -5427,267 +5196,243 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT',null
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-START BATCH DML;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:40.210000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:40.210000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.625000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:40.210000000Z';
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.625000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -5702,34 +5447,34 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -5738,8 +5483,8 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -5782,381 +5527,284 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
-@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
-START BATCH DML;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:40.561000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:40.561000000Z'
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.719000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.719000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:40.561000000Z';
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.719000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -6171,55 +5819,41 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -6228,11 +5862,9 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -6275,113 +5907,87 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
@@ -6391,166 +5997,150 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='TRANSACTIONAL';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','TRANSACTIONAL'
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC'
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
@@ -6562,10 +6152,9 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 START BATCH DML;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
@@ -6577,18 +6166,17 @@ UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
@@ -6598,84 +6186,77 @@ SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:41.091000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:41.091000000Z'
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.893000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.893000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:41.091000000Z';
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.893000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.893000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
@@ -6691,54 +6272,47 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
@@ -6748,10 +6322,9 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
@@ -6795,67 +6368,61 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
@@ -6866,138 +6433,137 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 START BATCH DML;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
@@ -7009,68 +6575,68 @@ UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:41.494000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:41.494000000Z'
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.087000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.087000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:41.494000000Z';
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.087000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
@@ -7086,33 +6652,33 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
@@ -7122,7 +6688,7 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
@@ -7166,206 +6732,193 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='TRANSACTIONAL';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','TRANSACTIONAL'
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC'
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 START BATCH DML;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
@@ -7376,76 +6929,76 @@ UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:41.837000000Z';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.238000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.238000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:41.837000000Z';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.238000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.238000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -7460,41 +7013,34 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -7503,9 +7049,8 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -7548,190 +7093,200 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='TRANSACTIONAL';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','TRANSACTIONAL'
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC'
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 START BATCH DML;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
@@ -7742,65 +7297,76 @@ UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:42.231000000Z';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.430000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.430000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:42.231000000Z';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.430000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.430000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -7815,34 +7381,34 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -7851,8 +7417,8 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -7895,67 +7461,81 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
@@ -7964,83 +7544,130 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='TRANSACTIONAL';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','TRANSACTIONAL'
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC'
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
@@ -8051,7 +7678,9 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 START BATCH DML;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
@@ -8062,11 +7691,16 @@ UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
@@ -8075,49 +7709,69 @@ SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:42.610000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:42.610000000Z'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.584000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.584000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:42.610000000Z';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.584000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.584000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -8132,27 +7786,41 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -8161,7 +7829,9 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -8204,36 +7874,54 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
@@ -8243,201 +7931,232 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
+NEW_CONNECTION;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='TRANSACTIONAL';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','TRANSACTIONAL'
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC'
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+START BATCH DML;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:42.932000000Z';
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.737000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.737000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:42.932000000Z';
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.737000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.737000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -8453,33 +8172,33 @@ SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -8489,7 +8208,7 @@ SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -8533,283 +8252,242 @@ SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='TRANSACTIONAL';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','TRANSACTIONAL'
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC'
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+START BATCH DML;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:43.248000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:43.248000000Z'
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.883000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.883000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:43.248000000Z';
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.883000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.883000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
+SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -8825,40 +8503,26 @@ SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -8868,8 +8532,6 @@ SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -8913,86 +8575,66 @@ SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
@@ -9002,150 +8644,103 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='TRANSACTIONAL';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','TRANSACTIONAL'
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC'
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
@@ -9157,9 +8752,7 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 START BATCH DML;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
@@ -9171,17 +8764,12 @@ UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
@@ -9191,77 +8779,57 @@ SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:43.673000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:43.673000000Z'
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.014000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.014000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:43.673000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:43.673000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.014000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP'
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
@@ -9277,47 +8845,33 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP'
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
@@ -9327,9 +8881,7 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
@@ -9373,61 +8925,43 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
@@ -9438,138 +8972,198 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 START BATCH DML;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
@@ -9580,69 +9174,95 @@ UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
+SET READONLY=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:44.056000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:44.056000000Z'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.137000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.137000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:44.056000000Z';
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.137000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -9657,34 +9277,48 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -9693,8 +9327,10 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -9737,272 +9373,303 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='TRANSACTIONAL';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','TRANSACTIONAL'
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC'
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-START BATCH DML;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:44.385000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:44.385000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.325000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:44.385000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:44.385000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.325000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
@@ -10018,33 +9685,40 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
@@ -10054,7 +9728,8 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
@@ -10098,280 +9773,254 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='TRANSACTIONAL';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','TRANSACTIONAL'
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC'
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-START BATCH DML;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:44.830000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:44.830000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.433000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:44.830000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:44.830000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.433000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -10386,34 +10035,34 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -10422,8 +10071,8 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -10466,81 +10115,83 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
@@ -10549,130 +10200,167 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='TRANSACTIONAL';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','TRANSACTIONAL'
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC'
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+COMMIT;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+COMMIT;
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
@@ -10683,9 +10371,11 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 START BATCH DML;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
@@ -10696,16 +10386,19 @@ UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+COMMIT;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
@@ -10714,69 +10407,85 @@ SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:45.353000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:45.353000000Z'
+COMMIT;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.570000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.570000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:45.353000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:45.353000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.570000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -10791,41 +10500,55 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -10834,9 +10557,11 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -10879,54 +10604,68 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+COMMIT;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+COMMIT;
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
@@ -10936,232 +10675,207 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='TRANSACTIONAL';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','TRANSACTIONAL'
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC'
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-START BATCH DML;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:45.824000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:45.824000000Z'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.741000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.741000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:45.824000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:45.824000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.741000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -11176,34 +10890,34 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -11212,8 +10926,8 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -11256,73 +10970,71 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
@@ -11331,88 +11043,104 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='TRANSACTIONAL';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','TRANSACTIONAL'
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC'
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
@@ -11423,7 +11151,8 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 START BATCH DML;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
@@ -11434,12 +11163,13 @@ UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
@@ -11448,51 +11178,58 @@ SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:46.258000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:46.258000000Z'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.859000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.859000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:46.258000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:46.258000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.859000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -11507,27 +11244,34 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -11536,7 +11280,8 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -11579,38 +11324,44 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
@@ -11620,27 +11371,40 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
@@ -11648,126 +11412,206 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
+@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
+START BATCH DML;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
@@ -11775,61 +11619,86 @@ SET READONLY=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',TRUE
 SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:46.666000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:46.666000000Z'
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:53.021000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:53.021000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:46.666000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:46.666000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:53.021000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -11843,35 +11712,56 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION',''
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -11879,9 +11769,12 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE',''
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -11923,85 +11816,113 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT',null
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
@@ -12011,172 +11932,204 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP'
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
+START BATCH DML;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
@@ -12186,77 +12139,84 @@ SET READONLY=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',TRUE
 SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:47.089000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:47.089000000Z'
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:53.401000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:53.401000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:47.089000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:47.089000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:53.401000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
@@ -12272,47 +12232,54 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION',''
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
@@ -12322,9 +12289,10 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE',''
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
@@ -12368,273 +12336,283 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT',null
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+NEW_CONNECTION;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+START BATCH DML;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READONLY=FALSE;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+NEW_CONNECTION;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:47.541000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:47.541000000Z'
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:53.677000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:53.677000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:47.541000000Z';
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:53.677000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
@@ -12649,34 +12627,34 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION',''
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
@@ -12685,8 +12663,8 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE',''
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
@@ -12729,260 +12707,286 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT',null
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP'
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+START BATCH DML;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:47.959000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:47.959000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:54.023000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:47.959000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:47.959000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:54.024000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
@@ -12997,34 +13001,41 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION',''
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
@@ -13033,8 +13044,9 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE',''
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
@@ -13077,267 +13089,259 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT',null
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP'
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+START BATCH DML;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READONLY=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:48.395000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:48.395000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:54.361000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:48.395000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:48.395000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:54.361000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
@@ -13352,34 +13356,34 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION',''
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
@@ -13388,8 +13392,8 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE',''
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
@@ -13432,75 +13436,68 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT',null
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
@@ -13508,102 +13505,110 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DML;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SET READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
@@ -13611,52 +13616,50 @@ SET READONLY=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READONLY',TRUE
 SHOW VARIABLE READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:48.817000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:48.817000000Z'
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:54.579000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:54.579000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:48.817000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:48.817000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:54.579000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
-SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SET READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -13670,28 +13673,28 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_VERSION',''
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -13699,8 +13702,8 @@ SET OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE',''
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -13742,47 +13745,44 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT',null
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SET TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
diff --git a/google-cloud-spanner/src/test/resources/com/google/cloud/spanner/connection/postgresql/ConnectionImplGeneratedSqlScriptTest.sql b/google-cloud-spanner/src/test/resources/com/google/cloud/spanner/connection/postgresql/ConnectionImplGeneratedSqlScriptTest.sql
index e59f0d8c52d..f1e2847b2f7 100644
--- a/google-cloud-spanner/src/test/resources/com/google/cloud/spanner/connection/postgresql/ConnectionImplGeneratedSqlScriptTest.sql
+++ b/google-cloud-spanner/src/test/resources/com/google/cloud/spanner/connection/postgresql/ConnectionImplGeneratedSqlScriptTest.sql
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
@@ -26,123 +26,125 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
@@ -151,58 +153,60 @@ SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:34.525000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:34.525000000Z'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.073000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.073000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:34.525000000Z';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.073000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.073000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -217,34 +221,34 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -253,8 +257,8 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -297,45 +301,46 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
@@ -346,28 +351,36 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
@@ -376,123 +389,173 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
@@ -501,58 +564,78 @@ SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:35.024000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:35.024000000Z'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.359000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.359000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:35.024000000Z';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.359000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.359000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -567,34 +650,48 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -603,8 +700,10 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -647,45 +746,62 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-NEW_CONNECTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
@@ -696,324 +812,207 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:35.564000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:35.564000000Z'
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.581000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.581000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:35.564000000Z';
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.581000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -1028,55 +1027,34 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -1085,11 +1063,8 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -1132,116 +1107,71 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
@@ -1250,195 +1180,125 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
@@ -1447,85 +1307,60 @@ SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:36.103000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:36.103000000Z'
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.846000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.846000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:36.103000000Z';
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.846000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:48.846000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -1540,55 +1375,34 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -1597,11 +1411,8 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -1644,69 +1455,46 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
@@ -1717,208 +1505,217 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:36.513000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:36.513000000Z'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.135000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.135000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:36.513000000Z';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.135000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.135000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -1933,34 +1730,34 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -1969,8 +1766,8 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -2013,282 +1810,230 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:36.935000000Z';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.319000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.319000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:36.935000000Z';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.319000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.319000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -2303,41 +2048,27 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -2346,9 +2077,7 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -2391,254 +2120,254 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+COMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+COMMIT;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP'
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+COMMIT;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:37.377000000Z';
+COMMIT;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.485000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.485000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:37.377000000Z';
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.485000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -2654,33 +2383,33 @@ SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -2690,7 +2419,7 @@ SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -2734,66 +2463,76 @@ SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
@@ -2803,98 +2542,122 @@ SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
@@ -2904,48 +2667,57 @@ SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:37.759000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:37.759000000Z'
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.643000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.643000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:37.759000000Z';
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.643000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -2961,26 +2733,33 @@ SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -2990,6 +2769,7 @@ SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -3033,36 +2813,44 @@ SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
@@ -3074,26 +2862,39 @@ BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
@@ -3101,134 +2902,196 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
-@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
-START BATCH DML;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
@@ -3236,59 +3099,86 @@ SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',TRUE
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:38.234000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:38.234000000Z'
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.827000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.827000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:38.234000000Z';
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:49.827000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -3302,35 +3192,56 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION',''
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -3338,9 +3249,12 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE',''
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -3382,84 +3296,117 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','0'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-COMMIT;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
@@ -3467,182 +3414,196 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
-@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
-START BATCH DML;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
@@ -3650,77 +3611,86 @@ SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',TRUE
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:38.635000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:38.635000000Z'
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.013000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.013000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:38.635000000Z';
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.013000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -3734,49 +3704,56 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION',''
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -3784,11 +3761,12 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE',''
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -3830,305 +3808,282 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','0'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-RUN BATCH;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:38.970000000Z';
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.147000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.147000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:38.970000000Z';
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.147000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -4142,42 +4097,35 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION',''
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -4185,10 +4133,9 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE',''
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -4230,255 +4177,283 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','0'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:39.276000000Z';
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.291000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:39.277000000Z';
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.291000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -4492,35 +4467,42 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION',''
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -4528,9 +4510,10 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE',''
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -4572,378 +4555,255 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','0'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
-@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
-START BATCH DML;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:39.677000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:39.677000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.445000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:39.677000000Z';
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.445000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -4957,56 +4817,35 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION',''
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -5014,12 +4853,9 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE',''
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -5061,279 +4897,220 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','0'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:40.048000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:40.048000000Z'
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.572000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.572000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:40.048000000Z';
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.572000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -5347,35 +5124,28 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION',''
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -5383,9 +5153,8 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE',''
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -5427,267 +5196,243 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','0'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-START BATCH DML;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:40.370000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:40.370000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.673000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:40.370000000Z';
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.673000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -5702,34 +5447,34 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -5738,8 +5483,8 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -5782,381 +5527,284 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
-@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
-START BATCH DML;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:40.770000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:40.770000000Z'
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.763000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.763000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:40.770000000Z';
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.763000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -6171,55 +5819,41 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -6228,11 +5862,9 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -6275,113 +5907,87 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-ROLLBACK;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
@@ -6391,166 +5997,150 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='TRANSACTIONAL';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','TRANSACTIONAL'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
@@ -6562,10 +6152,9 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 START BATCH DML;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
@@ -6577,18 +6166,17 @@ UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
@@ -6598,84 +6186,77 @@ SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:41.317000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:41.317000000Z'
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.993000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.993000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:41.317000000Z';
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.993000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:50.993000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
@@ -6691,54 +6272,47 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
@@ -6748,10 +6322,9 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
@@ -6795,67 +6368,61 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
@@ -6866,138 +6433,137 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 START BATCH DML;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
@@ -7009,68 +6575,68 @@ UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:41.658000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:41.658000000Z'
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.171000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.171000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:41.658000000Z';
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.171000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
@@ -7086,33 +6652,33 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
@@ -7122,7 +6688,7 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
@@ -7166,206 +6732,193 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='TRANSACTIONAL';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','TRANSACTIONAL'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 START BATCH DML;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
@@ -7376,76 +6929,76 @@ UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:42.031000000Z';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.339000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.339000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:42.031000000Z';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.339000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.339000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -7460,41 +7013,34 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -7503,9 +7049,8 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -7548,190 +7093,200 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='TRANSACTIONAL';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','TRANSACTIONAL'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 START BATCH DML;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
@@ -7742,65 +7297,76 @@ UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:42.424000000Z';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.508000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.508000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:42.424000000Z';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.508000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.508000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -7815,34 +7381,34 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -7851,8 +7417,8 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -7895,67 +7461,81 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
@@ -7964,83 +7544,130 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='TRANSACTIONAL';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','TRANSACTIONAL'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
@@ -8051,7 +7678,9 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 START BATCH DML;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
@@ -8062,11 +7691,16 @@ UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
@@ -8075,49 +7709,69 @@ SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:42.775000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:42.775000000Z'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.661000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.661000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:42.775000000Z';
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.661000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.661000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -8132,27 +7786,41 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -8161,7 +7829,9 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -8204,36 +7874,54 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
@@ -8243,201 +7931,232 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
+NEW_CONNECTION;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='TRANSACTIONAL';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','TRANSACTIONAL'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+START BATCH DML;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:43.084000000Z';
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.816000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.816000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:43.084000000Z';
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.816000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.816000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -8453,33 +8172,33 @@ SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -8489,7 +8208,7 @@ SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -8533,283 +8252,242 @@ SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-START BATCH DDL;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='TRANSACTIONAL';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','TRANSACTIONAL'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+START BATCH DML;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:43.420000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:43.420000000Z'
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.956000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.956000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:43.420000000Z';
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.956000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:51.956000000Z'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -8825,40 +8503,26 @@ SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -8868,8 +8532,6 @@ SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -8913,86 +8575,66 @@ SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
@@ -9002,150 +8644,103 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
-SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='TRANSACTIONAL';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','TRANSACTIONAL'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
@@ -9157,9 +8752,7 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 START BATCH DML;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
@@ -9171,17 +8764,12 @@ UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
@@ -9191,77 +8779,57 @@ SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:43.880000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:43.880000000Z'
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.071000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.071000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:43.880000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:43.880000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.071000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP'
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
@@ -9277,47 +8845,33 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP'
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
@@ -9327,9 +8881,7 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
@@ -9373,61 +8925,43 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
@@ -9438,138 +8972,198 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 START BATCH DML;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
@@ -9580,69 +9174,95 @@ UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',TRUE
+SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:44.216000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:44.216000000Z'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.257000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.257000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:44.216000000Z';
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.257000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -9657,34 +9277,48 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -9693,8 +9327,10 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -9737,272 +9373,303 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
+START BATCH DDL;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='TRANSACTIONAL';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','TRANSACTIONAL'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-START BATCH DML;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:44.617000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:44.617000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.381000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:44.617000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:44.617000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.381000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
@@ -10018,33 +9685,40 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
@@ -10054,7 +9728,8 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
@@ -10098,280 +9773,254 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='TRANSACTIONAL';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','TRANSACTIONAL'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-START BATCH DML;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:45.077000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:45.077000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.480000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:45.077000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:45.077000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.480000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -10386,34 +10035,34 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -10422,8 +10071,8 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -10466,81 +10115,83 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
@@ -10549,130 +10200,167 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='TRANSACTIONAL';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','TRANSACTIONAL'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+COMMIT;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+COMMIT;
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
@@ -10683,9 +10371,11 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 START BATCH DML;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
@@ -10696,16 +10386,19 @@ UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+COMMIT;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
@@ -10714,69 +10407,85 @@ SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:45.593000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:45.593000000Z'
+COMMIT;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.666000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.666000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:45.593000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:45.593000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.666000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -10791,41 +10500,55 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -10834,9 +10557,11 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -10879,54 +10604,68 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+COMMIT;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
@@ -10936,232 +10675,207 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='TRANSACTIONAL';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','TRANSACTIONAL'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-START BATCH DDL;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-START BATCH DML;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:46.040000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:46.040000000Z'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.788000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.788000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:46.040000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:46.040000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.788000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -11176,34 +10890,34 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -11212,8 +10926,8 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -11256,73 +10970,71 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
@@ -11331,88 +11043,104 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='TRANSACTIONAL';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','TRANSACTIONAL'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE','PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 START BATCH DDL;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
@@ -11423,7 +11151,8 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 START BATCH DML;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
@@ -11434,12 +11163,13 @@ UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
@@ -11448,51 +11178,58 @@ SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:46.465000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:46.465000000Z'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.927000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.927000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:46.465000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:46.465000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:52.927000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -11507,27 +11244,34 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -11536,7 +11280,8 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -11579,38 +11324,44 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
@@ -11620,27 +11371,40 @@ CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
@@ -11648,126 +11412,206 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
+@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
+START BATCH DML;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
@@ -11775,61 +11619,86 @@ SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',TRUE
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:46.867000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:46.867000000Z'
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:53.139000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:53.139000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:46.867000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:46.867000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:53.139000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -11843,35 +11712,56 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION',''
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -11879,9 +11769,12 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE',''
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -11923,85 +11816,113 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','0'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 10s';
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
@@ -12011,172 +11932,204 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP'
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
+START BATCH DML;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
@@ -12186,77 +12139,84 @@ SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',TRUE
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:47.321000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:47.321000000Z'
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:53.540000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:53.540000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:47.321000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:47.321000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:53.540000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
@@ -12272,47 +12232,54 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION',''
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
@@ -12322,9 +12289,10 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE',''
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
@@ -12368,273 +12336,283 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','0'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+NEW_CONNECTION;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+START BATCH DML;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-NEW_CONNECTION;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+NEW_CONNECTION;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:47.748000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:47.748000000Z'
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:53.794000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:53.794000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:47.748000000Z';
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:53.794000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
@@ -12649,34 +12627,34 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION',''
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
@@ -12685,8 +12663,8 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE',''
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
@@ -12729,260 +12707,286 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','0'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP'
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+START BATCH DML;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:48.176000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:48.176000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:54.142000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:48.176000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:48.176000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:54.142000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
@@ -12997,34 +13001,41 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION',''
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
@@ -13033,8 +13044,9 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE',''
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
@@ -13077,267 +13089,259 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','0'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP'
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+START BATCH DML;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',TRUE
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:48.611000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:48.611000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:54.485000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:48.611000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:48.611000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:54.485000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
@@ -13352,34 +13356,34 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION',''
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
@@ -13388,8 +13392,8 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE',''
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
@@ -13432,75 +13436,68 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','0'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
-CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 ABORT BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
@@ -13508,102 +13505,110 @@ SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'AUTOCOMMIT',TRUE
 SHOW VARIABLE AUTOCOMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT UPDATE_COUNT 1
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE='PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'TEST',1
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DDL;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DDL;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+START BATCH DML;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SELECT 1 AS TEST;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
+UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 START BATCH DML;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 ROLLBACK;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',FALSE
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
@@ -13611,52 +13616,50 @@ SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READONLY',TRUE
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READONLY;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='STRONG';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','STRONG'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:49.017000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:49.017000000Z'
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:54.634000000Z';
+@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:54.634000000Z'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:49.017000000Z';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-08-04T10:58:49.017000000Z'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MIN_READ_TIMESTAMP 2023-11-21T11:20:54.634000000Z';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
+@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='MAX_STALENESS 100ms';
-@EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','MAX_STALENESS 100ms'
-SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS='EXACT_STALENESS 100us';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS','EXACT_STALENESS 100us'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='1';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION','1'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
@@ -13670,28 +13673,28 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION',''
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP',null
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='custom-package';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE','custom-package'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
@@ -13699,8 +13702,8 @@ SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE='';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE',''
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='1s';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','1s'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
@@ -13742,47 +13745,44 @@ SET STATEMENT_TIMEOUT='0ns';
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'STATEMENT_TIMEOUT','0'
 SHOW VARIABLE STATEMENT_TIMEOUT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 COMMIT;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT RESULT_SET 'SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE'
 SHOW VARIABLE SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 RUN BATCH;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'some-tag';
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 SELECT 1 AS TEST;
-@EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 UPDATE foo SET bar=1;
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 CREATE TABLE foo (id INT64 NOT NULL, name STRING(100)) PRIMARY KEY (id);
 @EXPECT EXCEPTION FAILED_PRECONDITION
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 NEW_CONNECTION;
-SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;
-SET AUTOCOMMIT=TRUE;
+SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
+SET AUTOCOMMIT=FALSE;