diff --git a/starlette/concurrency.py b/starlette/concurrency.py
index 5c76cb3df..4bb9c302b 100644
--- a/starlette/concurrency.py
+++ b/starlette/concurrency.py
@@ -10,11 +10,25 @@
 else:  # pragma: no cover
     from typing_extensions import ParamSpec
 
+import contextvars
+from contextvars import Context
 
 T = typing.TypeVar("T")
 P = ParamSpec("P")
 
 
+def _restore_context(context: Context) -> None:
+    """Copy the state of `context` to the current context."""
+    for cvar in context:
+        newval = context.get(cvar)
+        try:
+            if cvar.get() != newval:
+                cvar.set(newval)
+        except LookupError:
+            # the context variable was first set inside of `context`
+            cvar.set(newval)
+
+
 async def run_until_first_complete(*args: typing.Tuple[typing.Callable, dict]) -> None:
     warnings.warn(
         "run_until_first_complete is deprecated "
@@ -38,7 +52,12 @@ async def run_in_threadpool(
     if kwargs:  # pragma: no cover
         # run_sync doesn't accept 'kwargs', so bind them in here
         func = functools.partial(func, **kwargs)
-    return await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(func, *args)
+    context = contextvars.copy_context()
+    func = functools.partial(context.run, func)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    res = await anyio.to_thread.run_sync(func, *args)
+    if context is not None:
+        _restore_context(context)
+    return res
 
 
 class _StopIteration(Exception):
diff --git a/tests/test_concurrency.py b/tests/test_concurrency.py
index 22b9da0e8..f13f9db24 100644
--- a/tests/test_concurrency.py
+++ b/tests/test_concurrency.py
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-from contextvars import ContextVar
+import contextvars
+from typing import List
 
 import anyio
 import pytest
 
 from starlette.applications import Starlette
-from starlette.concurrency import run_until_first_complete
+from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool, run_until_first_complete
 from starlette.requests import Request
 from starlette.responses import Response
 from starlette.routing import Route
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ async def task2():
 
 
 def test_accessing_context_from_threaded_sync_endpoint(test_client_factory) -> None:
-    ctxvar: ContextVar[bytes] = ContextVar("ctxvar")
+    ctxvar: contextvars.ContextVar[bytes] = contextvars.ContextVar("ctxvar")
     ctxvar.set(b"data")
 
     def endpoint(request: Request) -> Response:
@@ -40,3 +41,72 @@ def endpoint(request: Request) -> Response:
 
     resp = client.get("/")
     assert resp.content == b"data"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.anyio
+async def test_restore_context_from_thread_previously_set():
+    """Value outside of threadpool is overwitten with value set in threadpool"""
+    ctxvar: contextvars.ContextVar[str] = contextvars.ContextVar("ctxvar")
+    ctxvar.set("spam")
+
+    def sync_task():
+        ctxvar.set("ham")
+
+    await run_in_threadpool(sync_task)
+    assert ctxvar.get() == "ham"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.anyio
+async def test_restore_context_from_thread_previously_unset():
+    """Value outside of threadpool is set to value in threadpool"""
+    ctxvar: contextvars.ContextVar[str] = contextvars.ContextVar("ctxvar")
+
+    def sync_task():
+        ctxvar.set("ham")
+
+    await run_in_threadpool(sync_task)
+    assert ctxvar.get() == "ham"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.anyio
+async def test_restore_context_from_thread_new_cvar():
+    """Value outside of threadpool is set for a cvar created in the threadpool"""
+    ctxvars: List[contextvars.ContextVar[str]] = []
+
+    def sync_task():
+        ctxvar: contextvars.ContextVar[str] = contextvars.ContextVar("ctxvar")
+        ctxvar.set("ham")
+        ctxvars.append(ctxvar)
+
+    await run_in_threadpool(sync_task)
+    assert len(ctxvars) == 1
+    assert next(iter(ctxvars)).get() == "ham"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.anyio
+async def test_restore_context_from_thread_reset_token_in_child_context():
+    ctxvar: contextvars.ContextVar[str] = contextvars.ContextVar("ctxvar")
+    ctxvar.set("spam")
+
+    def sync_task():
+        token = ctxvar.set("ham")
+        ctxvar.reset(token)
+
+    await run_in_threadpool(sync_task)
+    assert ctxvar.get() == "spam"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.anyio
+async def test_restore_context_from_thread_reset_token_in_parent_context():
+    ctxvar: contextvars.ContextVar[str] = contextvars.ContextVar("ctxvar")
+    tokens: List[contextvars.Token[str]] = []
+
+    def sync_task():
+        # this token gets created in the child context
+        # and hence can't be restored in the parent context
+        tokens.append(ctxvar.set("ham"))
+
+    await run_in_threadpool(sync_task)
+    assert ctxvar.get() == "ham"
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="was created in a different Context"):
+        ctxvar.reset(tokens.pop())